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| 1884 |
| | | The War of the Pacific brings Chile new mineral wealth at the expense of Bolivia and Peru | |
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| 1906 |
| | | The Great Valparaiso Earthquake damages much of central Chile and is felt from Peru to Buenos Aires | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Augusto Leguía begins a long spell as the strong man of Peruvian politics | |
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| c. 1911 |
| | | The lost Inca city of Machu Picchu is reached by US archaeologist Hiram Bingham | |
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| 1947 |
| | | Thor Heyerdahl sets sail across the Pacific from Peru in a balsa wood boat, the Kon-Tiki | |
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| 1962 |
| | | The veteran left-wing politician Victor Haya is elected president of Peru but is thwarted by a coup led by General Ricardo Godoy | |
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| c. 1978 |
| | | Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru | |
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| 1990 |
| | | Alberto Fujimori and his newly formed Cambio 90 party win a surprise election victory in Peru | |
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| 1996 |
| | | Tupac Amaru guerrillas take 460 guests hostage at the Japanese ambassador's Christmas party in Lima, Peru | |
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| 2000 |
| | | Alerto Fujimori resigns after a corruption scandal during his third term as president of Peru | |
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